Srirangam – The First of 108 Divya Desams

Introduction

The 108 Divya Desams are the most revered Vishnu temples, glorified in the Tamil hymns of the Azhwars. Among them, Srirangam, also known as Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, is considered the first and foremost. This temple, dedicated to Lord Ranganatha, is the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world and holds immense spiritual and historical significance.

What Are the 108 Divya Desams?

The Divya Desams are the 108 temples mentioned in the Divya Prabandham, a collection of Tamil hymns by the Azhwar saints. These temples are scattered across India and Nepal, and they are considered the holiest shrines dedicated to Lord Vishnu. Visiting all 108 Divya Desams is believed to grant moksha (liberation).

Why Is Srirangam the First Among Divya Desams?

Srirangam holds the highest place among the Divya Desams for several reasons:

  • It is the Periya Kovil (big temple) in Vaishnavism.

  • The temple deity, Sri Ranganatha, is revered as the supreme form of Vishnu.

  • The temple is home to the Azhagiya Manavalan (beautiful bridegroom) form of Vishnu.

  • It is the first and foremost temple praised in the Divya Prabandham.

Historical Significance of Srirangam

The history of Srirangam dates back to the Vedic period. The temple’s origins are deeply intertwined with the Ramayana. According to legend, the deity of Sri Ranganatha was originally worshiped by Lord Rama himself. After Rama’s coronation, he gifted the idol to Vibhishana, the brother of Ravana, as a token of gratitude. However, upon reaching Srirangam, the idol became immovable, signifying that the site was divinely chosen.

Patronage by Kings and Dynasties

Over centuries, the temple was patronized by various dynasties including:

  • Cholas – Expanded and constructed major portions of the temple complex.

  • Pandyas – Contributed to the temple's structure and religious practices.

  • Vijayanagar Empire – Provided financial and military support to protect the temple from invasions.

  • Nayaks – Restored and maintained the temple architecture.

Architectural Grandeur of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple

Srirangam’s temple complex is an architectural marvel, featuring:

  • Seven Prakaras (Enclosures): The temple is enclosed by seven concentric walls, spanning over 156 acres.

  • 21 Magnificent Gopurams: The Raja Gopuram stands at 236 feet, making it the tallest temple tower in Asia.

  • Hall of 1000 Pillars: A masterpiece of Dravidian architecture adorned with intricate carvings.

  • Golden Vimana: The sanctum has a gold-plated dome above the main deity.

Spiritual Importance and Religious Practices

Srirangam is considered the Bhooloka Vaikuntam (heaven on earth). Several key religious events are held here:

Vaikunta Ekadasi

This is the grandest festival in Srirangam, where the Paramapada Vasal (gateway to heaven) is opened for devotees to walk through, signifying their journey to Vaikunta.

Brahmotsavam

A 21-day festival where Lord Ranganatha is taken out on grand processions.

Panguni Uthiram

Celebrates the divine wedding of the Lord with Goddess Ranganayaki.

Azhwars and Their Hymns on Srirangam

The Azhwars, especially Thirumangai Azhwar and Nammazhwar, have composed several hymns in praise of Lord Ranganatha. These sacred verses describe the temple as the eternal abode of Vishnu and express deep devotion.

Pilgrimage and Visitor Information

  • Best Time to Visit: November to March (pleasant weather and major festivals)

  • How to Reach:

    • By Air: Tiruchirapalli International Airport (10 km away)

    • By Rail: Srirangam Railway Station, well-connected to major cities.

    • By Road: Regular buses from Chennai, Bangalore, and other cities.

Conclusion

Srirangam, the first among the 108 Divya Desams, is a spiritual and architectural wonder. Its deep-rooted history, divine atmosphere, and grand temple complex make it a must-visit for every devotee of Lord Vishnu. Visiting this temple is considered equivalent to attaining Vaikunta, making it a revered destination for Hindus worldwide.